Monipro®
Ciprofloxacin

COMPOSITION
Monipro Tablet: Each tablet contains Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride BP equivalent to 500 mg of Ciprofloxacin.

PHARMACOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Pharmacological Action
It is fluoroquinolone anti-bacterial drugs. It is broad-spectrum anti-bacterial. It has restraining function on gram-positive bacterium. Its function principle is to have function on bacterial DNA gyrase and make bacterial DNA not form super helix and destroy chromosome so as to kill the bacterium.

Mechanism of Action
Quinolones are bacteriocidal drugs, meaning that they kill bacteria. This bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin results from inhibition of enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair and recombination. Since a copy of DNA must be made each time a cell divides, interfering with replication makes it difficult for bacteria to multiply.
Bacteria supercoil DNA using DNA gyrase, and quinolones specifically target DNA gyrase, they do not interfere with human DNA.

CLINICAL INFORMATION
Therapeutic Indications

Monipro is indicated for the treatment of -

• Urinary tract infections
• Infectious diarrhoea
• Lower respiratory tract infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Bone and joint infections
• Acute sinusitis
• Typhoid fever

Doses and Administration
Adults

Diseases	Dose	Frequency	Duration
Urinary tract infections	500 mg	Twice daily	7 to 14 days
Infectious diarrhoea	500 mg	Twice daily	5 to7 days
Lower respiratory tract infections	500 mg	Twice daily	7 to 14 days
	750 mg	Twice daily	7 to 14 days
Skin and soft tissue infections	500 mg	Twice daily	7 to 14 days
	750 mg	Twice daily	7 to 14 days
Bone and joint infections	500 mg	Twice daily	> 4 to 6 weeks
	750 mg	Twice daily	> 4 to 6 weeks
Acute sinusitis	500 mg	Twice daily	10 Days
Typhoid Fever	500 mg	Twice daily	10 Days

Use in Children
Though not recommended for the children where benefit outweighs risk a dose of 7.5-15 mg/kg/day in two divided doses can be given.

Contraindication
Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or to other quinolones.

Use in patients with impaired renal function
Ciprofloxacin is eliminated primarily by renal excretion; however, the drug is also metabolized and partially cleared through the biliary system of the liver and through intestine.

Drug Interactions
The toxicity of drugs that are metabolised by the cytochrome P450 system is enhanced by associate use of some quinolones. They may also interact with the GABA-A receptor and cause neurological symptoms; this effect is augmented by certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Use in pregnancy & Lactation
The safety and effectiveness of ciprofloxacin in pregnant and lactating women have not yet been established.

Undesirable Effects
Adverse effects include nausea and other gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness and skin rashes. Crystalluria has occurred with high doses.

PHARMACEUTICAL INFORMATION
Storage Conditions
Store in cool and dry place, away from light. Keep out of reach of children.

Presentation & Packaging
Monipro® Tablet: Each commercial box contains 6 x 4's tablets in blister pack.